Lintels and Tie Beams
Lintels and Tie Beams
Beam Tie Beams (Kiriş Hatıllar): Structural elements that provide load transfer in spans where there is no solid wall segment below (where there is a vertically perforated wall segment or no wall at all).
Wall Top Tie Beams (Duvar Üstü Hatıllar): Structural elements that ensure uniform distribution of loads from slabs to walls.
Lintels (Lentolar): Structural elements in masonry buildings that transfer vertical loads from wall segments above doors and windows to the adjacent solid wall segments.
The program takes into account the presence of wall top tie beams during wall drawing. Additionally, beam tie beams above doors and windows are created automatically. Door or window top beam tie beams are deleted when the door or window is deleted, and moved when the door or window is moved. The user should not draw beam tie beams again in the same area after drawing a door or window.
Since beam tie beams are generally used for short spans, static reinforced concrete calculations are not performed by the program. Although the use of tie beams with long spans is not recommended, if used, static and reinforced concrete calculations and drawings should be done separately, independent of the program. The program draws beam tie beam reinforcement constructively based on the rules given in the earthquake code.
When a wall is defined on top of a slab in the program, load transfer from upper floor walls to lower floor slabs is not performed. Therefore, when it is necessary to define a wall on a slab, it is appropriate to draw a beam tie beam below the wall (at the lower floor ceiling). If beam tie beams do not exist in the current situation, the beam tie beam height can be set equal to the slab thickness or zero cm.
No special definition has been made for lintels in the program. In the program, wall segment loads above doors and windows are transmitted to adjacent solid walls through the beam tie beams above the doors or windows. Since the contribution of lintels to the building's seismic resistance is negligible, and since they do not enter the system as a parameter in terms of code formulation (they are not in the analysis method described by the code), their definition was deemed unnecessary.
If wall top tie beams and beam tie beams do not exist in the building, it is recommended to set the wall top tie beam height and beam tie beam height equal to the slab thickness. This is because in vertical stress control, the effective wall height is calculated by subtracting the wall top tie beam height from the story height.
Wall top tie beams are drawn automatically together with the wall. They are applied to the system as weight, as a high-density region of the wall. Since they are part of the wall, they cannot be drawn independently and do not carry loads on their own. At the wall-top tie beam junction, it is the wall that carries the load.
Beam tie beams should not be drawn again on top of walls in the same direction (stacked). If drawn, both the wall and the beam tie beam would carry loads from the upper floor (from walls and vertical tie columns) and from their own floor (from slabs and beam tie beams), resulting in duplicate consideration of loads, which increases load transfer errors.